Python脚本如何生成JSON报表

本文目录导读：

1. 方法1：使用内置的json模块（最常用）
2. 方法2：从CSV文件生成JSON报表
3. 方法3：从数据库生成JSON报表
4. 方法4：带格式化的高级JSON报表
5. 方法5：处理嵌套数据的JSON报表
6. 关键参数说明

我为您提供几种常用的Python生成JSON报表的方法：

方法1：使用内置的json模块（最常用）

import json
# 准备数据
data = {
    "report_name": "销售报表",
    "date": "2024-01-01",
    "metrics": {
        "total_sales": 100000,
        "total_orders": 500,
        "avg_order_value": 200
    },
    "top_products": [
        {"name": "产品A", "sales": 30000},
        {"name": "产品B", "sales": 25000},
        {"name": "产品C", "sales": 20000}
    ]
}
# 生成JSON字符串
json_str = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
print(json_str)
# 保存到文件
with open('report.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)

方法2：从CSV文件生成JSON报表

import json
import csv
def csv_to_json_report(csv_file, output_file):
    """将CSV文件转换为JSON报表"""
    data = []
    # 读取CSV文件
    with open(csv_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        reader = csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in reader:
            # 转换数值类型
            for key, value in row.items():
                try:
                    row[key] = float(value) if '.' in value else int(value)
                except:
                    pass
            data.append(row)
    # 生成报表格式
    report = {
        "report_generated": "自动生成的CSV报表",
        "total_records": len(data),
        "records": data
    }
    # 保存JSON
    with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(report, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
    return report
# 使用示例
csv_to_json_report('sales_data.csv', 'sales_report.json')

方法3：从数据库生成JSON报表

import json
import sqlite3
def database_to_json_report(db_file, query, output_file):
    """从数据库查询生成JSON报表"""
    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
    conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # 执行查询
    cursor.execute(query)
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    # 转换为字典列表
    data = [dict(row) for row in rows]
    # 生成报表
    report = {
        "query": query,
        "total_results": len(data),
        "generated_at": "2024-01-01T10:30:00",
        "results": data
    }
    # 保存JSON
    with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(report, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
    conn.close()
    return report
# 使用示例
# database_to_json_report('sales.db', 'SELECT * FROM sales', 'db_report.json')

方法4：带格式化的高级JSON报表

import json
from datetime import datetime
class JSONReportGenerator:
    def __init__(self, report_name):
        self.report_name = report_name
        self.data = {
            "report_metadata": {
                "name": report_name,
                "generated_at": datetime.now().isoformat(),
                "version": "1.0"
            },
            "summary": {},
            "details": []
        }
    def add_summary(self, **kwargs):
        """添加汇总信息"""
        self.data["summary"] = kwargs
    def add_detail(self, item):
        """添加明细数据"""
        self.data["details"].append(item)
    def generate_report(self, output_file=None):
        """生成报表"""
        self.data["report_metadata"]["total_items"] = len(self.data["details"])
        if output_file:
            with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                json.dump(self.data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
            print(f"报表已保存到: {output_file}")
        return self.data
    def pretty_print(self):
        """打印格式化的JSON"""
        return json.dumps(self.data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
# 使用示例
report = JSONReportGenerator("月度销售报表")
report.add_summary(
    total_revenue=500000,
    total_orders=1500,
    average_order=333.33,
    period="2024年1月"
)
report.add_detail({
    "product": "笔记本电脑",
    "quantity": 50,
    "revenue": 250000,
    "category": "电子产品"
})
report.add_detail({
    "product": "手机",
    "quantity": 100,
    "revenue": 150000,
    "category": "电子产品"
})
# 保存报表
report.generate_report("monthly_report.json")
# 打印报表
print(report.pretty_print())

方法5：处理嵌套数据的JSON报表

import json
def create_nested_report():
    """创建带嵌套结构的JSON报表"""
    # 模拟复杂数据结构
    report = {
        "report_header": {
            "title": "综合数据报表",
            "department": "数据分析部",
            "generated_by": "自动化脚本"
        },
        "sections": {
            "financial": {
                "revenue": {
                    "total": 1000000,
                    "by_month": {
                        "January": 300000,
                        "February": 350000,
                        "March": 350000
                    }
                },
                "expenses": {
                    "total": 600000,
                    "categories": {
                        "salary": 300000,
                        "equipment": 150000,
                        "operations": 150000
                    }
                }
            },
            "operational": {
                "orders": {
                    "total": 500,
                    "fulfilled": 480,
                    "pending": 20
                },
                "customers": {
                    "active": 200,
                    "new": 50,
                    "churned": 10
                }
            }
        },
        "charts": {
            "revenue_trend": {
                "type": "line",
                "data_points": [
                    {"month": "Jan", "value": 300000},
                    {"month": "Feb", "value": 350000},
                    {"month": "Mar", "value": 350000}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
    # 格式化为易读的JSON
    json_output = json.dumps(report, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, sort_keys=True)
    # 保存报表
    with open('complex_report.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(json_output)
    return json_output
# 生成报表
create_nested_report()

关键参数说明

• indent=2：缩进2个空格，使JSON易读
• ensure_ascii=False：支持中文等非ASCII字符
• sort_keys=True：按键排序
• default=str：处理datetime等非序列化类型

这些方法可以根据您的具体需求选择使用，最常用的是方法1,配合适当的数据结构即可生成灵活的JSON报表。