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Python 脚本检查安装包
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import importlib
import subprocess
import sys
def check_and_install_packages(packages):
"""
检查并安装Python包
"""
missing_packages = []
for package in packages:
try:
# 尝试导入包
importlib.import_module(package.replace('-', '_'))
print(f"✅ {package} 已安装")
except ImportError:
missing_packages.append(package)
print(f"❌ {package} 未安装")
if missing_packages:
print(f"\n正在安装缺失的包: {', '.join(missing_packages)}")
for package in missing_packages:
try:
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", package])
print(f"✅ {package} 安装成功")
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
print(f"❌ {package} 安装失败")
else:
print("\n所有依赖都已安装！")
# 使用示例
required_packages = ["requests", "numpy", "pandas", "flask"]
check_and_install_packages(required_packages)
Bash 脚本 - Linux 系统依赖检查
#!/bin/bash
# 系统依赖检查脚本
# 适用于 Debian/Ubuntu 系统
check_and_install() {
local package=$1
local install_command=$2
if command -v $package &> /dev/null; then
echo "✅ $package 已安装"
else
echo "❌ $package 未安装，正在安装..."
eval $install_command
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo "✅ $package 安装成功"
else
echo "❌ $package 安装失败"
exit 1
fi
fi
}
# 定义需要检查的软件和安装命令
echo "开始检查系统依赖..."
# 检查 curl
check_and_install "curl" "sudo apt-get install -y curl"
# 检查 git
check_and_install "git" "sudo apt-get install -y git"
# 检查 nodejs
check_and_install "node" "curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash - && sudo apt-get install -y nodejs"
# 检查 docker
check_and_install "docker" "sudo apt-get install -y docker.io"
# 检查 nginx
check_and_install "nginx" "sudo apt-get install -y nginx"
echo "所有依赖检查完成！"
跨平台 Node.js 脚本
#!/usr/bin/env node
const { execSync } = require('child_process');
const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
class DependencyChecker {
constructor() {
this.os = process.platform;
}
checkCommand(command) {
try {
execSync(`which ${command} || where ${command}`, { stdio: 'pipe' });
return true;
} catch (error) {
return false;
}
}
installPackage(package) {
console.log(`正在安装 ${package}...`);
let installCommand;
if (this.os === 'linux') {
const distro = this.getLinuxDistro();
installCommand = this.getLinuxInstallCommand(distro, package);
} else if (this.os === 'darwin') {
installCommand = `brew install ${package}`;
} else if (this.os === 'win32') {
installCommand = `choco install ${package} -y`;
} else {
console.log(`不支持的操作系统: ${this.os}`);
return false;
}
try {
execSync(installCommand, { stdio: 'inherit' });
console.log(`✅ ${package} 安装成功`);
return true;
} catch (error) {
console.log(`❌ ${package} 安装失败`);
return false;
}
}
getLinuxDistro() {
try {
const content = execSync('cat /etc/os-release').toString();
if (content.includes('Ubuntu') || content.includes('Debian')) return 'debian';
if (content.includes('CentOS') || content.includes('RHEL')) return 'rhel';
if (content.includes('Fedora')) return 'fedora';
if (content.includes('Arch')) return 'arch';
return 'unknown';
} catch (error) {
return 'unknown';
}
}
getLinuxInstallCommand(distro, package) {
const commands = {
'debian': `sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ${package}`,
'rhel': `sudo yum install -y ${package}`,
'fedora': `sudo dnf install -y ${package}`,
'arch': `sudo pacman -S ${package} --noconfirm`
};
return commands[distro] || `sudo apt-get install -y ${package}`;
}
checkAndInstall(dependencies) {
console.log('开始检查依赖...\n');
dependencies.forEach(dep => {
if (this.checkCommand(dep)) {
console.log(`✅ ${dep} 已安装`);
} else {
console.log(`❌ ${dep} 未安装`);
this.installPackage(dep);
}
});
console.log('\n依赖检查完成！');
}
}
// 使用示例
const checker = new DependencyChecker();
const requiredDeps = ['git', 'node', 'npm', 'python3'];
checker.checkAndInstall(requiredDeps);
完整的 Python 依赖管理脚本
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import importlib
import subprocess
import sys
import os
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
class DependencyManager:
"""依赖管理类"""
def __init__(self):
self.pip = [sys.executable, "-m", "pip"]
def read_requirements(self, filepath: str = "requirements.txt") -> List[str]:
"""读取 requirements.txt 文件"""
if not os.path.exists(filepath):
print(f"文件 {filepath} 不存在")
return []
with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
return [line.strip() for line in f if line.strip() and not line.startswith('#')]
def check_package(self, package: str) -> bool:
"""检查单个包是否安装"""
try:
# 处理带版本的包名，如 requests==2.28.0
package_name = package.split('==')[0].split('>=')[0].split('<=')[0]
# 将横线转换为下划线
package_name = package_name.replace('-', '_')
importlib.import_module(package_name)
return True
except ImportError:
return False
def install_package(self, package: str) -> bool:
"""安装单个包"""
try:
subprocess.check_call(self.pip + ["install", package])
return True
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
return False
def check_and_install(self, packages: List[str], auto_install: bool = True) -> Dict[str, str]:
"""
检查并安装依赖
返回: {package: status}
status: 'installed', 'installed_now', 'failed'
"""
result = {}
missing = []
print("检查依赖中...\n")
for package in packages:
if self.check_package(package):
result[package] = 'installed'
print(f"✅ {package} 已安装")
else:
result[package] = 'pending'
missing.append(package)
print(f"❌ {package} 未安装")
if missing and auto_install:
print(f"\n发现 {len(missing)} 个缺失的依赖，正在自动安装...\n")
for package in missing:
print(f"正在安装 {package}...")
if self.install_package(package):
result[package] = 'installed_now'
print(f"✅ {package} 安装成功")
else:
result[package] = 'failed'
print(f"❌ {package} 安装失败")
return result
def update_all_packages(self) -> bool:
"""更新所有已安装的包"""
try:
subprocess.check_call(self.pip + ["list", "--outdated", "--format=columns"])
response = input("\n是否更新所有过时的包？(y/n): ")
if response.lower() == 'y':
# 获取需要更新的包列表
outdated = subprocess.check_output(
self.pip + ["list", "--outdated", "--format=freeze"]
).decode().strip().split('\n')
for pkg in outdated:
pkg_name = pkg.split('==')[0]
print(f"正在更新 {pkg_name}...")
self.install_package(f"{pkg_name} --upgrade")
print("所有包更新完成！")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"更新失败: {e}")
return False
# 使用示例
def main():
manager = DependencyManager()
# 方式1：从 requirements.txt 文件读取
packages = manager.read_requirements()
if packages:
print("从 requirements.txt 读取依赖:")
for pkg in packages:
print(f" - {pkg}")
print()
else:
# 方式2：手动指定依赖
packages = [
"requests",
"flask",
"numpy",
"pandas",
"matplotlib"
]
# 检查并安装
results = manager.check_and_install(packages, auto_install=True)
# 统计结果
installed = sum(1 for v in results.values() if v in ['installed', 'installed_now'])
failed = sum(1 for v in results.values() if v == 'failed')
print(f"\n安装统计:")
print(f"✅ 成功: {installed}")
print(f"❌ 失败: {failed}")
print(f"📊 总计: {len(results)}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
使用建议
-
选择适合的脚本：
- Python 项目：使用 Python 脚本
- 系统工具：使用 Bash 脚本
- 跨平台需求：使用 Node.js 脚本
-
安全考虑：
- 始终验证来源
- 使用
sudo时要谨慎 - 添加错误处理
-
最佳实践：
- 维护
requirements.txt或package.json - 使用虚拟环境
- 定期更新依赖
- 添加日志记录
- 维护
需要我帮你定制特定场景的依赖检查脚本吗？
