Java数据流案例如何读写数据

wen java案例 2026-07-01 191

本文目录导读：

Java数据流案例如何读写数据

数据流概述
基础读写案例
实用案例：学生信息管理系统
网络数据流传输案例
重要注意事项

我来详细介绍Java数据流（Data Stream）的读写案例，包括基本概念和实际应用示例。

数据流概述

数据流（DataInputStream/DataOutputStream）支持基本数据类型的读写，可以按Java原始数据类型读写数据。

基础读写案例

写入数据到文件

import java.io.*;
public class DataOutputStreamExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filePath = "data.bin";
        try (DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                new FileOutputStream(filePath))) {
            // 写入各种基本数据类型
            dos.writeInt(100);           // 写入整数
            dos.writeDouble(3.14159);    // 写入双精度浮点数
            dos.writeBoolean(true);      // 写入布尔值
            dos.writeUTF("Hello World"); // 写入字符串（UTF-8格式）
            dos.writeLong(123456789L);   // 写入长整数
            dos.writeFloat(2.71828f);    // 写入浮点数
            dos.writeChar('A');          // 写入字符
            System.out.println("数据写入成功！");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

从文件读取数据

import java.io.*;
public class DataInputStreamExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filePath = "data.bin";
        try (DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(filePath))) {
            // 按照写入顺序读取数据
            int intValue = dis.readInt();
            double doubleValue = dis.readDouble();
            boolean boolValue = dis.readBoolean();
            String strValue = dis.readUTF();
            long longValue = dis.readLong();
            float floatValue = dis.readFloat();
            char charValue = dis.readChar();
            // 打印读取的数据
            System.out.println("整数: " + intValue);
            System.out.println("双精度: " + doubleValue);
            System.out.println("布尔值: " + boolValue);
            System.out.println("字符串: " + strValue);
            System.out.println("长整数: " + longValue);
            System.out.println("浮点数: " + floatValue);
            System.out.println("字符: " + charValue);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

实用案例：学生信息管理系统

学生类定义

import java.io.Serializable;
class Student implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private double score;
    public Student(int id, String name, int age, double score) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }
    // Getters and Setters
    public int getId() { return id; }
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public int getAge() { return age; }
    public double getScore() { return score; }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("学生ID: %d, 姓名: %s, 年龄: %d, 成绩: %.2f", 
                           id, name, age, score);
    }
}

读写学生数据

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class StudentDataManager {
    // 写入学生数据
    public static void writeStudents(String fileName, List<Student> students) 
            throws IOException {
        try (DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                new FileOutputStream(fileName))) {
            // 先写入学生数量
            dos.writeInt(students.size());
            // 遍历写入每个学生信息
            for (Student student : students) {
                dos.writeInt(student.getId());
                dos.writeUTF(student.getName());
                dos.writeInt(student.getAge());
                dos.writeDouble(student.getScore());
            }
            System.out.println("成功写入 " + students.size() + " 个学生数据");
        }
    }
    // 读取学生数据
    public static List<Student> readStudents(String fileName) 
            throws IOException {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        try (DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(fileName))) {
            // 先读取学生数量
            int count = dis.readInt();
            // 循环读取每个学生信息
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                int id = dis.readInt();
                String name = dis.readUTF();
                int age = dis.readInt();
                double score = dis.readDouble();
                students.add(new Student(id, name, age, score));
            }
            System.out.println("成功读取 " + students.size() + " 个学生数据");
        }
        return students;
    }
    // 测试方法
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建学生数据
            List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(
                new Student(1, "张三", 20, 85.5),
                new Student(2, "李四", 21, 92.0),
                new Student(3, "王五", 19, 78.5),
                new Student(4, "赵六", 22, 95.5)
            );
            String fileName = "students.dat";
            // 写入数据
            writeStudents(fileName, students);
            // 读取数据
            List<Student> loadedStudents = readStudents(fileName);
            // 显示读取的数据
            System.out.println("\n读取的学生信息：");
            for (Student student : loadedStudents) {
                System.out.println(student);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("文件操作失败: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

网络数据流传输案例

服务端代码

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class DataServer {
    private static final int PORT = 8888;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT)) {
            System.out.println("服务器启动，等待连接...");
            while (true) {
                try (Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                     DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                             socket.getInputStream());
                     DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                             socket.getOutputStream())) {
                    System.out.println("客户端连接: " + socket.getInetAddress());
                    // 接收客户端数据
                    int number1 = dis.readInt();
                    int number2 = dis.readInt();
                    String operation = dis.readUTF();
                    System.out.println("收到运算请求: " + number1 + " " 
                                     + operation + " " + number2);
                    // 执行运算
                    double result = 0;
                    switch (operation) {
                        case "+": result = number1 + number2; break;
                        case "-": result = number1 - number2; break;
                        case "*": result = number1 * number2; break;
                        case "/": result = (double) number1 / number2; break;
                        default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("不支持的运算");
                    }
                    // 发送结果
                    dos.writeDouble(result);
                    dos.flush();
                    System.out.println("计算结果: " + result);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    System.err.println("处理客户端请求失败: " + e.getMessage());
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("服务器启动失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

客户端代码

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DataClient {
    private static final String SERVER_HOST = "localhost";
    private static final int SERVER_PORT = 8888;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (Socket socket = new Socket(SERVER_HOST, SERVER_PORT);
             DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                     socket.getOutputStream());
             DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                     socket.getInputStream());
             Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in)) {
            System.out.println("连接到服务器: " + SERVER_HOST + ":" + SERVER_PORT);
            // 获取用户输入
            System.out.print("请输入第一个数字: ");
            int number1 = scanner.nextInt();
            System.out.print("请输入第二个数字: ");
            int number2 = scanner.nextInt();
            System.out.print("请输入运算符(+,-,*,/): ");
            String operation = scanner.next();
            // 发送数据到服务器
            dos.writeInt(number1);
            dos.writeInt(number2);
            dos.writeUTF(operation);
            dos.flush();
            // 接收服务器返回的结果
            double result = dis.readDouble();
            System.out.println("\n运算结果: " + number1 + " " + operation 
                             + " " + number2 + " = " + result);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("客户端连接失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

重要注意事项

数据类型一致性

// 重要：读写顺序必须一致！
// 写入顺序
dos.writeInt(100);
dos.writeUTF("Hello");
// 读取顺序必须相同
int value = dis.readInt();      // 先读int
String str = dis.readUTF();     // 后读String

异常处理

try (DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
        new FileInputStream("data.bin"))) {
    // 读取数据前检查是否还有数据
    while (dis.available() > 0) {
        // 执行读取操作
    }
} catch (EOFException e) {
    System.out.println("文件读取完毕");
} catch (IOException e) {
    System.err.println("IO错误: " + e.getMessage());
}

缓冲区刷新

DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
        new FileOutputStream("data.bin"));
dos.writeInt(100);
dos.flush();  // 强制将缓冲区的数据写入目标
// 或者在try-with-resources中自动关闭
try (DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(...)) {
    // 写入操作
    // 自动调用close()方法，close()会先调用flush()
}

这些案例涵盖了数据流的主要应用场景,包括文件读写、网络传输等，在实际开发中，根据具体需求选择合适的操作方式。

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