脚本如何检测USB设备插入

本文目录导读：

1. Windows - PowerShell脚本
2. Windows - C# (使用WMI)
3. Linux - udev规则 + 脚本
4. Linux - Python (使用pyudev)
5. macOS - IOKit框架 (C语言)
6. 跨平台 - Python (使用watchdog)
7. Windows - 使用Win32 API (C++)
8. 选择建议

Windows - PowerShell脚本

# 使用WMI事件监控
$query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2"
Register-WmiEvent -Query $query -Action {
    Write-Host "USB设备已插入"
    # 获取新设备信息
    Get-WmiObject Win32_USBControllerDevice | Select-Object Dependent
}

Windows - C# (使用WMI)

using System.Management;
// 创建WMI事件监控
WqlEventQuery query = new WqlEventQuery(
    "SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2");
ManagementEventWatcher watcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(query);
watcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(DeviceInserted);
watcher.Start();
void DeviceInserted(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e) {
    Console.WriteLine("USB设备已插入");
    // 获取设备详细信息
    foreach (ManagementBaseObject device in new ManagementObjectSearcher(
        "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE ConfigManagerErrorCode = 0").Get()) {
        Console.WriteLine(device["Description"]);
    }
}

Linux - udev规则 + 脚本

# 创建udev规则文件 /etc/udev/rules.d/99-usb-monitor.rules
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/usb-inserted.sh"

# usb-inserted.sh脚本内容
#!/bin/bash
echo "$(date) - USB设备已插入" >> /var/log/usb.log
# 获取设备信息
echo "设备ID: $ID_MODEL_ID" >> /var/log/usb.log
echo "制造商: $ID_VENDOR" >> /var/log/usb.log

Linux - Python (使用pyudev)

import pyudev
context = pyudev.Context()
monitor = pyudev.Monitor.from_netlink(context)
monitor.filter_by(subsystem='usb')
for device in iter(monitor.poll, None):
    if device.action == 'add':
        print(f"USB设备插入: {device.device_node}")
        print(f"制造商: {device.get('ID_VENDOR')}")
        print(f"产品: {device.get('ID_MODEL')}")

macOS - IOKit框架 (C语言)

#include <IOKit/IOKitLib.h>
#include <IOKit/usb/IOUSBLib.h>
void deviceAdded(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator) {
    io_service_t service;
    while ((service = IOIteratorNext(iterator))) {
        printf("USB设备已插入\n");
        IOObjectRelease(service);
    }
}
int main() {
    IONotificationPortRef notifyPort = IONotificationPortCreate(kIOMasterPortDefault);
    CFRunLoopSourceRef runLoopSource = IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(notifyPort);
    CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
    io_iterator_t iterator;
    IOServiceAddMatchingNotification(notifyPort, 
        kIOFirstMatchNotification, 
        IOServiceMatching(kIOUSBDeviceClassName),
        deviceAdded, NULL, &iterator);
    CFRunLoopRun();
    return 0;
}

跨平台 - Python (使用watchdog)

from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
import time
class USBHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    def on_created(self, event):
        if '/media/' in event.src_path or '/mnt/' in event.src_path:
            print(f"USB设备挂载点创建: {event.src_path}")
observer = Observer()
observer.schedule(USBHandler(), path='/media/', recursive=True)
observer.start()
try:
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    observer.stop()
observer.join()

Windows - 使用Win32 API (C++)

#include <windows.h>
#include <dbt.h>
#include <iostream>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
        case WM_DEVICECHANGE:
            if (wParam == DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL) {
                PDEV_BROADCAST_HDR lpdb = (PDEV_BROADCAST_HDR)lParam;
                if (lpdb->dbch_devicetype == DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE) {
                    std::cout << "USB设备已插入" << std::endl;
                }
            }
            break;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

选择建议

选择方法时考虑的因素：

• 是否需要实时响应
• 需要获取哪些设备信息（ID、制造商等）
• 是否需要兼容多个操作系统
• 开发语言偏好