如何编写快速安装开发环境脚本

wen 实用脚本 2026-07-31 1

本文目录导读：

如何编写快速安装开发环境脚本

基础多语言开发环境安装脚本
带参数的高级版本
Docker Compose 快速安装
一键配置脚本
使用方法

基础多语言开发环境安装脚本

#!/bin/bash
# 通用开发环境安装脚本
# 支持 Ubuntu/Debian 和 CentOS/RHEL
set -e  # 遇到错误立即退出
# 颜色定义
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
# 日志函数
log_info() {
    echo -e "${GREEN}[INFO]${NC} $1"
}
log_warn() {
    echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARN]${NC} $1"
}
log_error() {
    echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1"
}
# 检测操作系统
detect_os() {
    if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
        . /etc/os-release
        OS=$ID
        VERSION=$VERSION_ID
    else
        log_error "无法检测操作系统"
        exit 1
    fi
}
# 检查是否以root运行
check_root() {
    if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
        log_error "请以root权限运行此脚本"
        exit 1
    fi
}
# 更新系统包
update_system() {
    log_info "更新系统包..."
    if [[ $OS == "ubuntu" ]] || [[ $OS == "debian" ]]; then
        apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y
    elif [[ $OS == "centos" ]] || [[ $OS == "rhel" ]]; then
        yum update -y
    fi
}
# 安装Git
install_git() {
    log_info "安装Git..."
    if command -v git &> /dev/null; then
        log_info "Git已安装: $(git --version)"
    else
        if [[ $OS == "ubuntu" ]] || [[ $OS == "debian" ]]; then
            apt-get install git -y
        elif [[ $OS == "centos" ]] || [[ $OS == "rhel" ]]; then
            yum install git -y
        fi
        log_info "Git安装完成"
    fi
}
# 安装Node.js和npm
install_nodejs() {
    log_info "安装Node.js..."
    if command -v node &> /dev/null; then
        log_info "Node.js已安装: $(node --version)"
    else
        curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -
        apt-get install -y nodejs
        log_info "Node.js安装完成: $(node --version)"
    fi
}
# 安装Python和pip
install_python() {
    log_info "安装Python..."
    if command -v python3 &> /dev/null; then
        log_info "Python已安装: $(python3 --version)"
    else
        if [[ $OS == "ubuntu" ]] || [[ $OS == "debian" ]]; then
            apt-get install python3 python3-pip -y
        elif [[ $OS == "centos" ]] || [[ $OS == "rhel" ]]; then
            yum install python3 python3-pip -y
        fi
        log_info "Python安装完成: $(python3 --version)"
    fi
}
# 安装Docker
install_docker() {
    log_info "安装Docker..."
    if command -v docker &> /dev/null; then
        log_info "Docker已安装: $(docker --version)"
    else
        curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
        systemctl enable docker
        systemctl start docker
        log_info "Docker安装完成"
    fi
}
# 安装常用开发工具
install_dev_tools() {
    log_info "安装开发工具..."
    if [[ $OS == "ubuntu" ]] || [[ $OS == "debian" ]]; then
        apt-get install -y build-essential curl wget vim nano htop
    elif [[ $OS == "centos" ]] || [[ $OS == "rhel" ]]; then
        yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
        yum install -y curl wget vim nano htop
    fi
}
# 配置环境变量
setup_env() {
    log_info "配置环境变量..."
    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
    echo 'alias python=python3' >> ~/.bashrc
    echo 'alias pip=pip3' >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc
}
# 主函数
main() {
    clear
    echo "======================================"
    echo "   开发环境自动安装脚本 v1.0"
    echo "======================================"
    check_root
    detect_os
    update_system
    # 安装选项
    read -p "是否安装Node.js? [y/n]: " install_node
    read -p "是否安装Python? [y/n]: " install_py
    read -p "是否安装Docker? [y/n]: " install_docker_opt
    read -p "是否安装开发工具? [y/n]: " install_tools
    install_dev_tools
    install_git
    if [[ $install_node == "y" ]] || [[ $install_node == "Y" ]]; then
        install_nodejs
    fi
    if [[ $install_py == "y" ]] || [[ $install_py == "Y" ]]; then
        install_python
    fi
    if [[ $install_docker_opt == "y" ]] || [[ $install_docker_opt == "Y" ]]; then
        install_docker
    fi
    setup_env
    log_info "======================================"
    log_info "开发环境安装完成！"
    log_info "已安装的组件："
    echo "  - Git: $(git --version)"
    [[ $install_node == "y" ]] && echo "  - Node.js: $(node --version)"
    [[ $install_py == "y" ]] && echo "  - Python: $(python3 --version)"
    [[ $install_docker_opt == "y" ]] && echo "  - Docker: $(docker --version)"
    log_info "======================================"
}
# 执行主函数
main "$@"

带参数的高级版本

#!/bin/bash
# 高级开发环境安装脚本 - 支持参数
set -euo pipefail
# 配置文件
CONFIG_FILE="$HOME/.dev_env_config"
# 颜色输出
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
RED='\033[0;31m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
NC='\033[0m'
# 帮助信息
usage() {
    cat << EOF
用法: $0 [选项]
选项:
    -h, --help        显示帮助信息
    -n, --node        安装Node.js
    -p, --python      安装Python
    -d, --docker      安装Docker
    -g, --git         安装Git
    -a, --all         安装所有组件
    -f, --force       强制重新安装
    -v, --version     显示版本信息
示例:
    $0 --all                    # 安装所有组件
    $0 --node --python          # 只安装Node.js和Python
    $0 --git --force            # 强制重装Git
EOF
}
# 版本信息
version() {
    echo "开发环境安装脚本 v1.0.0"
}
# 检查命令是否存在
check_command() {
    if command -v "$1" &> /dev/null; then
        return 0
    else
        return 1
    fi
}
# 安装函数
install_component() {
    local name=$1
    local install_func=$2
    if check_command "$name"; then
        if [[ -n ${FORCE_INSTALL:-} ]]; then
            log_warn "强制重新安装 $name..."
            $install_func
        else
            log_info "$name 已安装，跳过，使用 --force 强制重装"
        fi
    else
        log_info "安装 $name..."
        $install_func
    fi
}
# 安装Node.js
install_nodejs() {
    curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -
    apt-get install -y nodejs
    npm install -g npm@latest
    npm install -g yarn
    npm install -g typescript
}
# 安装Python
install_python() {
    apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv
    pip3 install --upgrade pip
    pip3 install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
}
# 安装Docker
install_docker() {
    curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
    usermod -aG docker "${USER}"
    systemctl enable docker
    systemctl start docker
}
# 安装Go
install_golang() {
    wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    rm go1.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc
}
# 安装Java
install_java() {
    apt-get install -y openjdk-17-jdk maven gradle
    echo 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64' >> ~/.bashrc
    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
}
# 验证安装
verify_install() {
    log_info "验证安装..."
    [[ -n ${INSTALL_NODE:-} ]] && node --version && npm --version && yarn --version
    [[ -n ${INSTALL_PYTHON:-} ]] && python3 --version && pip3 --version
    [[ -n ${INSTALL_DOCKER:-} ]] && docker --version && docker-compose --version
    [[ -n ${INSTALL_GO:-} ]] && go version
    [[ -n ${INSTALL_JAVA:-} ]] && java -version
    log_info "所有组件安装验证完成！"
}
# 保存配置
save_config() {
    cat > "$CONFIG_FILE" << EOF
# 开发环境配置
INSTALL_DATE=$(date)
COMPONENTS=(
    ${INSTALL_NODE:+Node.js}
    ${INSTALL_PYTHON:+Python}
    ${INSTALL_DOCKER:+Docker}
    ${INSTALL_GO:+Go}
    ${INSTALL_JAVA:+Java}
)
EOF
}
# 日志函数
log_info() {
    echo -e "${GREEN}[INFO]${NC} $1"
}
log_warn() {
    echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARN]${NC} $1"
}
log_error() {
    echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1" >&2
}
# 主函数
main() {
    # 解析参数
    while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
        case $1 in
            -h|--help)
                usage
                exit 0
                ;;
            -v|--version)
                version
                exit 0
                ;;
            -n|--node)
                INSTALL_NODE=1
                shift
                ;;
            -p|--python)
                INSTALL_PYTHON=1
                shift
                ;;
            -d|--docker)
                INSTALL_DOCKER=1
                shift
                ;;
            -g|--git)
                INSTALL_GIT=1
                shift
                ;;
            -a|--all)
                INSTALL_ALL=1
                shift
                ;;
            -f|--force)
                FORCE_INSTALL=1
                shift
                ;;
            *)
                log_error "未知参数: $1"
                usage
                exit 1
                ;;
        esac
    done
    # 如果没有参数，安装所有
    if [[ $# -eq 0 ]] || [[ -n $INSTALL_ALL ]]; then
        INSTALL_NODE=1
        INSTALL_PYTHON=1
        INSTALL_DOCKER=1
        INSTALL_GIT=1
        INSTALL_GO=1
        INSTALL_JAVA=1
    fi
    # 检查root权限
    if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
        log_error "请以root权限运行此脚本"
        exit 1
    fi
    log_info "开始安装开发环境..."
    # 更新系统
    apt-get update -y
    # 安装基础工具
    apt-get install -y curl wget git build-essential
    # 根据选项安装
    [[ -n $INSTALL_NODE ]] && install_component "node" install_nodejs
    [[ -n $INSTALL_PYTHON ]] && install_component "python3" install_python
    [[ -n $INSTALL_DOCKER ]] && install_component "docker" install_docker
    [[ -n $INSTALL_GO ]] && install_component "go" install_golang
    [[ -n $INSTALL_JAVA ]] && install_component "java" install_java
    # 配置环境变量
    if [[ -n $INSTALL_GO ]] || [[ -n $INSTALL_JAVA ]]; then
        source ~/.bashrc
    fi
    # 验证安装
    verify_install
    # 保存配置
    save_config
    log_info "======================================"
    log_info "开发环境安装完成！"
    log_info "配置文件已保存到: $CONFIG_FILE"
    log_info "请重新登录或执行 source ~/.bashrc 使环境变量生效"
    log_info "======================================"
}
# 执行主函数
main "$@"

Docker Compose 快速安装

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'
services:
  # 数据库服务
  postgres:
    image: postgres:15
    container_name: dev-postgres
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: devuser
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: devpassword
      POSTGRES_DB: devdb
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: dev-mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
      MYSQL_DATABASE: devdb
      MYSQL_USER: devuser
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: devpassword
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: dev-redis
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
  # 开发工具服务
  phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    container_name: dev-phpmyadmin
    environment:
      PMA_HOST: mysql
      PMA_PORT: 3306
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
  adminer:
    image: adminer
    container_name: dev-adminer
    ports:
      - "8081:8080"
  # 消息队列
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    container_name: dev-rabbitmq
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: devuser
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: devpassword
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
  # 搜索服务
  elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0
    container_name: dev-elasticsearch
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - xpack.security.enabled=false
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
    volumes:
      - elastic_data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
  kibana:
    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:8.10.0
    container_name: dev-kibana
    environment:
      - ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://elasticsearch:9200
    ports:
      - "5601:5601"
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch
volumes:
  postgres_data:
  mysql_data:
  redis_data:
  elastic_data:

一键配置脚本

#!/bin/bash
# setup_dev_env.sh - 完整开发环境配置
set -e
BASH_ALIASES_FILE=~/.bash_aliases
BASH_ENV_FILE=~/.bashrc
create_aliases() {
    cat > "$BASH_ALIASES_FILE" << 'EOF'
# 开发环境别名
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
# Git 别名
alias gs='git status'
alias ga='git add'
alias gc='git commit -m'
alias gp='git push'
alias gl='git log --oneline --graph --all'
alias gco='git checkout'
alias gb='git branch'
# Docker 别名
alias dps='docker ps'
alias dpa='docker ps -a'
alias dlogs='docker logs -f'
alias dstop='docker stop $(docker ps -q)'
alias dclean='docker system prune -af'
# 开发工具快捷命令
alias serve='python3 -m http.server 8000'
alias npmdev='npm run dev'
alias npmserver='npm run server'
alias lint='npm run lint'
# 导航快捷方式
alias project='cd ~/projects'
alias dev='cd ~/dev'
EOF
    echo "别名配置文件已创建: $BASH_ALIASES_FILE"
}
create_utils() {
    mkdir -p ~/projects ~/scripts
    # 创建项目初始化脚本
    cat > ~/scripts/new-project.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
# 创建新项目
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "用法: new-project <项目名>"
    exit 1
fi
PROJECT_NAME=$1
PROJECT_DIR="$HOME/projects/$PROJECT_NAME"
mkdir -p "$PROJECT_DIR"
cd "$PROJECT_DIR"
# 根据指定语言创建项目
case "$2" in
    node|js)
        npm init -y
        ;;
    python|py)
        python3 -m venv venv
        source venv/bin/activate
        pip install --upgrade pip
        ;;
    *)
        echo "项目目录已创建: $PROJECT_DIR"
        ;;
esac
echo "项目创建完成！"
EOF
    chmod +x ~/scripts/new-project.sh
    echo "实用脚本已创建在 ~/scripts/"
}
configure_shell() {
    # 添加环境变量
    cat >> "$BASH_ENV_FILE" << 'EOF'
# ==================== 开发环境配置 ====================
# 路径配置
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/scripts:/usr/local/bin
# Python 配置
export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
export VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1
# Node.js 配置
export NODE_ENV=development
# Docker Compose 别名
alias dcompose='docker-compose'
# 加载别名文件
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi
# ===================================================
EOF
    echo "Shell 环境变量已配置"
}
install_global_tools() {
    echo "安装全局开发工具..."
    # npm 全局工具
    npm install -g @vue/cli
    npm install -g create-react-app
    npm install -g nodemon
    npm install -g eslint
    npm install -g prettier
    # pip 全局工具
    pip3 install --user flake8 black pytest
    echo "全局工具安装完成"
}
main() {
    echo "开始配置开发环境..."
    create_aliases
    create_utils
    configure_shell
    install_global_tools
    echo "开发环境配置完成！"
    echo "请重新登录终端或执行: source ~/.bashrc"
}
main

使用方法

保存脚本文件：

# 保存 Basic Setup 脚本
chmod +x setup_dev.sh
./setup_dev.sh
# 或使用参数版本
./setup_dev_advanced.sh --all
./setup_dev_advanced.sh --node --python

Docker Compose 使用：
```
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose ps
```

这些脚本提供了：

兼容性：支持多种Linux发行版
错误处理：带颜色标识的日志和错误检测
可配置性：支持参数和交互安装
可扩展性：易于添加新组件

需要根据您的具体需求调整脚本内容。