Java课程设计案例

我为你设计了一个Java课程设计案例，这是一个综合运用了面向对象、GUI、集合、异常处理和文件IO的学生成绩管理系统，这个案例结构完整，适合作为期末课程设计或课程大作业。

学生成绩管理系统（Java Swing + 文件存储）

本系统是一个基于 Java Swing 的桌面应用程序，用于管理学生的基本信息及其课程成绩，系统实现了学生信息的增删改查、成绩录入与统计、数据持久化存储等功能。

技术栈：

• 语言：Java（JDK 8+）
• GUI：Swing
• 存储：本地文件（TXT/CSV格式）
• 设计模式：MVC（Model-View-Controller）分层架构

系统功能结构

学生成绩管理系统
├── 登录模块（管理员身份验证）
├── 学生信息管理
│   ├── 添加学生
│   ├── 删除学生
│   ├── 修改学生信息
│   └── 查询学生（按姓名/学号）
├── 成绩管理
│   ├── 录入成绩（语文/数学/英语）
│   ├── 修改成绩
│   └── 删除成绩
├── 统计报表
│   ├── 按总分排名
│   ├── 班级平均分
│   └── 各科最高/最低分
└── 数据持久化（保存至文件）

核心代码实现

学生实体类 Student.java

import java.io.Serializable;
/**
 * 学生实体类
 */
public class Student implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String id;          // 学号
    private String name;        // 姓名
    private String gender;      // 性别
    private int age;            // 年龄
    private String className;   // 班级
    // 三门课程成绩
    private double chinese;
    private double math;
    private double english;
    public Student() {}
    public Student(String id, String name, String gender, int age, String className) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
        this.className = className;
        this.chinese = 0;
        this.math = 0;
        this.english = 0;
    }
    // 计算总分
    public double getTotalScore() {
        return chinese + math + english;
    }
    // 计算平均分
    public double getAverageScore() {
        return getTotalScore() / 3;
    }
    // Getter 和 Setter 方法
    public String getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public String getGender() { return gender; }
    public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; }
    public int getAge() { return age; }
    public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
    public String getClassName() { return className; }
    public void setClassName(String className) { this.className = className; }
    public double getChinese() { return chinese; }
    public void setChinese(double chinese) { this.chinese = chinese; }
    public double getMath() { return math; }
    public void setMath(double math) { this.math = math; }
    public double getEnglish() { return english; }
    public void setEnglish(double english) { this.english = english; }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("学号: %s, 姓名: %s, 性别: %s, 年龄: %d, 班级: %s, " +
                "语文: %.1f, 数学: %.1f, 英语: %.1f, 总分: %.1f", 
                id, name, gender, age, className, chinese, math, english, getTotalScore());
    }
}

数据访问层 StudentDao.java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * 数据访问层 - 负责学生数据的增删改查和文件存储
 */
public class StudentDao {
    private static final String FILE_PATH = "students.dat";
    private List<Student> students;
    public StudentDao() {
        students = new ArrayList<>();
        loadData();
    }
    /**
     * 添加学生
     */
    public boolean addStudent(Student student) {
        // 检查学号是否已存在
        for (Student s : students) {
            if (s.getId().equals(student.getId())) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        students.add(student);
        saveData();
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * 删除学生
     */
    public boolean deleteStudent(String id) {
        for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
            if (students.get(i).getId().equals(id)) {
                students.remove(i);
                saveData();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    /**
     * 更新学生信息
     */
    public boolean updateStudent(Student student) {
        for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
            if (students.get(i).getId().equals(student.getId())) {
                students.set(i, student);
                saveData();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    /**
     * 根据学号查找学生
     */
    public Student findById(String id) {
        for (Student s : students) {
            if (s.getId().equals(id)) {
                return s;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    /**
     * 根据姓名模糊查找
     */
    public List<Student> findByName(String name) {
        List<Student> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Student s : students) {
            if (s.getName().contains(name)) {
                result.add(s);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * 获取所有学生
     */
    public List<Student> getAllStudents() {
        return new ArrayList<>(students);
    }
    /**
     * 按总分排序（从高到低）
     */
    public List<Student> sortByTotalScore() {
        List<Student> sorted = new ArrayList<>(students);
        sorted.sort((s1, s2) -> Double.compare(s2.getTotalScore(), s1.getTotalScore()));
        return sorted;
    }
    /**
     * 保存数据到文件
     */
    private void saveData() {
        try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILE_PATH))) {
            oos.writeObject(students);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 从文件加载数据
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private void loadData() {
        File file = new File(FILE_PATH);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            return;
        }
        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file))) {
            students = (List<Student>) ois.readObject();
        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 获取班级平均分
     */
    public double getClassAverage(String className) {
        List<Student> classStudents = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Student s : students) {
            if (s.getClassName().equals(className)) {
                classStudents.add(s);
            }
        }
        if (classStudents.isEmpty()) {
            return 0;
        }
        double sum = 0;
        for (Student s : classStudents) {
            sum += s.getTotalScore();
        }
        return sum / classStudents.size();
    }
    /**
     * 统计各科成绩统计（最高/最低/平均）
     */
    public double[] getSubjectStatistics(String subject) {
        if (students.isEmpty()) {
            return new double[]{0, 0, 0};
        }
        double max = Double.MIN_VALUE;
        double min = Double.MAX_VALUE;
        double sum = 0;
        for (Student s : students) {
            double score;
            switch (subject) {
                case "语文": score = s.getChinese(); break;
                case "数学": score = s.getMath(); break;
                case "英语": score = s.getEnglish(); break;
                default: score = 0;
            }
            if (score > max) max = score;
            if (score < min) min = score;
            sum += score;
        }
        double average = sum / students.size();
        return new double[]{max, min, average};
    }
}

主界面 MainFrame.java

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * 主窗口 - 系统核心界面
 */
public class MainFrame extends JFrame {
    private StudentDao studentDao;
    private JTable studentTable;
    private DefaultTableModel tableModel;
    private JTextField idField, nameField, ageField, classNameField;
    private JComboBox<String> genderBox;
    private JTextField chineseField, mathField, englishField;
    private JTextField searchField;
    public MainFrame() {
        studentDao = new StudentDao();
        initUI();
        refreshTable();
    }
    /**
     * 初始化界面
     */
    private void initUI() {
        setTitle("学生成绩管理系统");
        setSize(1000, 650);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        // 主面板 - 使用BorderLayout
        JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(10, 10));
        mainPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
        // 顶部功能按钮面板
        mainPanel.add(createToolBar(), BorderLayout.NORTH);
        // 中央表格面板
        mainPanel.add(createTablePanel(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
        // 右侧编辑面板
        mainPanel.add(createEditPanel(), BorderLayout.EAST);
        add(mainPanel);
    }
    /**
     * 创建顶部工具栏
     */
    private JPanel createToolBar() {
        JPanel toolBar = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 10, 5));
        JButton addBtn = new JButton("添加学生");
        JButton deleteBtn = new JButton("删除学生");
        JButton updateBtn = new JButton("更新信息");
        JButton clearBtn = new JButton("清空表单");
        JButton sortBtn = new JButton("按总分排名");
        JButton statsBtn = new JButton("成绩统计");
        addBtn.addActionListener(e -> addStudent());
        deleteBtn.addActionListener(e -> deleteStudent());
        updateBtn.addActionListener(e -> updateStudent());
        clearBtn.addActionListener(e -> clearForm());
        sortBtn.addActionListener(e -> showRanking());
        statsBtn.addActionListener(e -> showStatistics());
        toolBar.add(addBtn);
        toolBar.add(deleteBtn);
        toolBar.add(updateBtn);
        toolBar.add(clearBtn);
        toolBar.add(sortBtn);
        toolBar.add(statsBtn);
        return toolBar;
    }
    /**
     * 创建表格面板
     */
    private JPanel createTablePanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        // 表格模型
        String[] columns = {"学号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "班级", "语文", "数学", "英语", "总分", "平均分"};
        tableModel = new DefaultTableModel(columns, 0) {
            @Override
            public boolean isCellEditable(int row, int column) {
                return false;
            }
        };
        studentTable = new JTable(tableModel);
        studentTable.setRowHeight(25);
        studentTable.getTableHeader().setFont(new Font("Microsoft YaHei", Font.BOLD, 14));
        // 点击表格行时加载学生信息
        studentTable.getSelectionModel().addListSelectionListener(e -> {
            if (!e.getValueIsAdjusting()) {
                loadSelectedStudent();
            }
        });
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(studentTable);
        panel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        // 搜索面板
        JPanel searchPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        searchPanel.add(new JLabel("搜索:"));
        searchField = new JTextField(15);
        JButton searchBtn = new JButton("搜索");
        JButton searchResetBtn = new JButton("重置");
        searchBtn.addActionListener(e -> searchStudents());
        searchResetBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
            searchField.setText("");
            refreshTable();
        });
        searchPanel.add(searchField);
        searchPanel.add(searchBtn);
        searchPanel.add(searchResetBtn);
        panel.add(searchPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        return panel;
    }
    /**
     * 创建右侧编辑面板
     */
    private JPanel createEditPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("学生信息编辑"));
        panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300, 0));
        // 表单面板
        JPanel formPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        // 学号
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 0;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("学号:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 0;
        idField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(idField, gbc);
        // 姓名
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 1;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("姓名:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 1;
        nameField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(nameField, gbc);
        // 性别
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 2;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("性别:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 2;
        genderBox = new JComboBox<>(new String[]{"男", "女"});
        formPanel.add(genderBox, gbc);
        // 年龄
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 3;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("年龄:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 3;
        ageField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(ageField, gbc);
        // 班级
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 4;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("班级:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 4;
        classNameField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(classNameField, gbc);
        // 成绩输入分隔线
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 5;
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        formPanel.add(new JSeparator(), gbc);
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        // 语文成绩
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 6;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("语文:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 6;
        chineseField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(chineseField, gbc);
        // 数学成绩
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 7;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("数学:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 7;
        mathField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(mathField, gbc);
        // 英语成绩
        gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 8;
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("英语:"), gbc);
        gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridy = 8;
        englishField = new JTextField(15);
        formPanel.add(englishField, gbc);
        panel.add(formPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        // 底部提示
        JLabel tip = new JLabel("提示: 点击表格行可加载信息");
        tip.setForeground(Color.GRAY);
        panel.add(tip, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        return panel;
    }
    /**
     * 添加学生
     */
    private void addStudent() {
        try {
            String id = idField.getText().trim();
            String name = nameField.getText().trim();
            String gender = (String) genderBox.getSelectedItem();
            int age = Integer.parseInt(ageField.getText().trim());
            String className = classNameField.getText().trim();
            if (id.isEmpty() || name.isEmpty() || className.isEmpty()) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "学号、姓名、班级不能为空！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                return;
            }
            Student student = new Student(id, name, gender, age, className);
            // 设置成绩
            if (!chineseField.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
                student.setChinese(Double.parseDouble(chineseField.getText().trim()));
            }
            if (!mathField.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
                student.setMath(Double.parseDouble(mathField.getText().trim()));
            }
            if (!englishField.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
                student.setEnglish(Double.parseDouble(englishField.getText().trim()));
            }
            if (studentDao.addStudent(student)) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "学生添加成功！");
                refreshTable();
                clearForm();
            } else {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "学号已存在！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            }
        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "请正确填写数字字段！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 删除学生
     */
    private void deleteStudent() {
        int selectedRow = studentTable.getSelectedRow();
        if (selectedRow == -1) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "请先选择一个学生！", "提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
            return;
        }
        String id = (String) tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 0);
        String name = (String) tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 1);
        int confirm = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, 
            "确认删除学生 " + name + " (学号: " + id + ") ？", 
            "确认删除", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
        if (confirm == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
            if (studentDao.deleteStudent(id)) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "删除成功！");
                refreshTable();
                clearForm();
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 更新学生信息
     */
    private void updateStudent() {
        int selectedRow = studentTable.getSelectedRow();
        if (selectedRow == -1) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "请先选择一个学生！", "提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
            return;
        }
        String id = idField.getText().trim();
        if (id.isEmpty()) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "学号不能为空！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            return;
        }
        Student student = studentDao.findById(id);
        if (student == null) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "学生不存在！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            return;
        }
        try {
            student.setName(nameField.getText().trim());
            student.setGender((String) genderBox.getSelectedItem());
            student.setAge(Integer.parseInt(ageField.getText().trim()));
            student.setClassName(classNameField.getText().trim());
            if (!chineseField.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
                student.setChinese(Double.parseDouble(chineseField.getText().trim()));
            }
            if (!mathField.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
                student.setMath(Double.parseDouble(mathField.getText().trim()));
            }
            if (!englishField.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
                student.setEnglish(Double.parseDouble(englishField.getText().trim()));
            }
            if (studentDao.updateStudent(student)) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "学生信息更新成功！");
                refreshTable();
            }
        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "请正确填写数字字段！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 加载选中的学生信息到表单
     */
    private void loadSelectedStudent() {
        int selectedRow = studentTable.getSelectedRow();
        if (selectedRow == -1) {
            return;
        }
        idField.setText((String) tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 0));
        nameField.setText((String) tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 1));
        genderBox.setSelectedItem(tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 2));
        ageField.setText(String.valueOf(tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 3)));
        classNameField.setText((String) tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 4));
        chineseField.setText(String.valueOf(tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 5)));
        mathField.setText(String.valueOf(tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 6)));
        englishField.setText(String.valueOf(tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 7)));
    }
    /**
     * 清空表单
     */
    private void clearForm() {
        idField.setText("");
        nameField.setText("");
        genderBox.setSelectedIndex(0);
        ageField.setText("");
        classNameField.setText("");
        chineseField.setText("");
        mathField.setText("");
        englishField.setText("");
    }
    /**
     * 刷新表格
     */
    private void refreshTable() {
        tableModel.setRowCount(0);
        List<Student> students = studentDao.getAllStudents();
        for (Student s : students) {
            tableModel.addRow(new Object[]{
                s.getId(), s.getName(), s.getGender(), s.getAge(), s.getClassName(),
                s.getChinese(), s.getMath(), s.getEnglish(), s.getTotalScore(), 
                String.format("%.1f", s.getAverageScore())
            });
        }
    }
    /**
     * 搜索学生
     */
    private void searchStudents() {
        String keyword = searchField.getText().trim();
        if (keyword.isEmpty()) {
            refreshTable();
            return;
        }
        tableModel.setRowCount(0);
        List<Student> students;
        // 先尝试按学号精确查询
        Student byId = studentDao.findById(keyword);
        if (byId != null) {
            students = List.of(byId);
        } else {
            // 再按姓名模糊查询
            students = studentDao.findByName(keyword);
        }
        for (Student s : students) {
            tableModel.addRow(new Object[]{
                s.getId(), s.getName(), s.getGender(), s.getAge(), s.getClassName(),
                s.getChinese(), s.getMath(), s.getEnglish(), s.getTotalScore(),
                String.format("%.1f", s.getAverageScore())
            });
        }
    }
    /**
     * 显示排名
     */
    private void showRanking() {
        List<Student> sorted = studentDao.sortByTotalScore();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("=== 学生总分排名 ===\n");
        sb.append("排名\t学号\t姓名\t总分\n");
        int rank = 1;
        for (Student s : sorted) {
            sb.append(rank).append("\t")
              .append(s.getId()).append("\t")
              .append(s.getName()).append("\t")
              .append(s.getTotalScore()).append("\n");
            rank++;
        }
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(sb.toString(), 15, 30);
        textArea.setEditable(false);
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, new JScrollPane(textArea), "成绩排名", 
            JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }
    /**
     * 显示成绩统计
     */
    private void showStatistics() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("=== 成绩统计 ===\n\n");
        String[] subjects = {"语文", "数学", "英语"};
        for (String subject : subjects) {
            double[] stats = studentDao.getSubjectStatistics(subject);
            sb.append(subject).append(":\n")
              .append("  最高分: ").append(stats[0]).append("\n")
              .append("  最低分: ").append(stats[1]).append("\n")
              .append("  平均分: ").append(String.format("%.1f", stats[2])).append("\n\n");
        }
        // 获取所有班级的平均分
        java.util.Set<String> classes = new java.util.HashSet<>();
        for (Student s : studentDao.getAllStudents()) {
            classes.add(s.getClassName());
        }
        sb.append("=== 各班平均分 ===\n");
        for (String className : classes) {
            double avg = studentDao.getClassAverage(className);
            sb.append(className).append(": ").append(String.format("%.1f", avg)).append("\n");
        }
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(sb.toString(), 20, 25);
        textArea.setEditable(false);
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, new JScrollPane(textArea), "成绩统计", 
            JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }
}

登录界面 LoginFrame.java

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
 * 登录界面
 */
public class LoginFrame extends JFrame {
    private final String ADMIN_USERNAME = "admin";
    private final String ADMIN_PASSWORD = "123456";
    private JTextField usernameField;
    private JPasswordField passwordField;
    public LoginFrame() {
        initUI();
    }
    private void initUI() {
        setTitle("登录 - 学生成绩管理系统");
        setSize(400, 250);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setResizable(false);
        JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(10, 10));
        mainPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(20, 30, 20, 30));
        // 标题
        JLabel title = new JLabel("学生成绩管理系统", SwingConstants.CENTER);
        title.setFont(new Font("Microsoft YaHei", Font.BOLD, 18));
        mainPanel.add(title, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        // 表单
        JPanel formPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2, 10, 10));
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("用户名:"));
        usernameField = new JTextField();
        formPanel.add(usernameField);
        formPanel.add(new JLabel("密码:"));
        passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        formPanel.add(passwordField);
        mainPanel.add(formPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        // 按钮
        JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        JButton loginBtn = new JButton("登录");
        JButton resetBtn = new JButton("重置");
        loginBtn.addActionListener(e -> login());
        resetBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
            usernameField.setText("");
            passwordField.setText("");
        });
        btnPanel.add(loginBtn);
        btnPanel.add(resetBtn);
        mainPanel.add(btnPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        add(mainPanel);
    }
    private void login() {
        String username = usernameField.getText().trim();
        String password = new String(passwordField.getPassword());
        if (username.equals(ADMIN_USERNAME) && password.equals(ADMIN_PASSWORD)) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "登录成功！", "欢迎", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            // 打开主界面
            new MainFrame().setVisible(true);
            dispose();
        } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "用户名或密码错误！", "登录失败", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    }
}

程序入口 Main.java

import javax.swing.*;
/**
 * 程序入口
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 设置系统UI风格
        try {
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 启动登录界面
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            new LoginFrame().setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

系统亮点与设计说明

设计特点：

1. 分层架构 - 清晰的MVC设计，实体类、数据访问层、视图层分离
2. 数据持久化 - 使用对象序列化保存到本地文件
3. 异常处理 - 对输入进行合法性校验
4. 用户体验 - 表格点击联动加载、搜索功能、排序功能

扩展方向：

• 增加数据库支持（MySQL替换文件存储）
• 增加图表统计（JFreeChart）
• 增加多用户权限管理
• 增加成绩导入导出（Excel）

使用方法

1. 编译运行：

   javac Main.java
   java Main

2. 登录账号：

   • 用户名：admin
   • 密码：123456

3. 测试数据：

   添加几个学生,录入成绩，测试排序和统计功能

这个课程设计涵盖了Java面向对象程序设计的核心知识点,代码结构清晰，功能完整，非常适合作为课程设计作业提交，你可以根据课程要求修改包名、类名，或者加入自己的创新功能。