本文目录导读：
我将为您提供几个JavaFX的实用案例，从基础到进阶,帮助您快速上手。
基础案例：计算器
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class CalculatorDemo extends Application {
private TextField displayField;
private double firstNumber = 0;
private String operator = "";
private boolean startNewNumber = true;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// 创建显示区域
displayField = new TextField();
displayField.setEditable(false);
displayField.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_RIGHT);
displayField.setPrefHeight(50);
displayField.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 20px;");
// 创建按钮布局
GridPane grid = new GridPane();
grid.setHgap(10);
grid.setVgap(10);
grid.setPadding(new Insets(20));
// 按钮数组
String[][] buttonLabels = {
{"7", "8", "9", "/"},
{"4", "5", "6", "*"},
{"1", "2", "3", "-"},
{"0", ".", "=", "+"},
{"C", "CE", "", ""}
};
// 创建按钮并添加到网格
for (int row = 0; row < buttonLabels.length; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < buttonLabels[row].length; col++) {
String label = buttonLabels[row][col];
if (label.isEmpty()) continue;
Button button = new Button(label);
button.setPrefSize(60, 50);
button.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 16px;");
// 设置按钮样式
if (label.matches("[0-9.]")) {
button.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 16px; -fx-background-color: #f0f0f0;");
} else if (label.equals("=")) {
button.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 16px; -fx-background-color: #4CAF50; -fx-text-fill: white;");
} else {
button.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 16px; -fx-background-color: #ff9800; -fx-text-fill: white;");
}
// 绑定事件
button.setOnAction(e -> handleButtonClick(label));
grid.add(button, col, row);
}
}
// 整体布局
GridPane root = new GridPane();
root.setPadding(new Insets(20));
root.setVgap(10);
root.add(displayField, 0, 0);
root.add(grid, 0, 1);
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 300, 350);
primaryStage.setTitle("JavaFX 计算器");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private void handleButtonClick(String value) {
switch (value) {
case "C":
clearAll();
break;
case "CE":
clearEntry();
break;
case "=":
calculate();
break;
case "+":
case "-":
case "*":
case "/":
setOperator(value);
break;
default:
inputNumber(value);
}
}
private void inputNumber(String digit) {
if (startNewNumber) {
displayField.setText(digit);
startNewNumber = false;
} else {
if (digit.equals(".") && displayField.getText().contains(".")) {
return;
}
displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + digit);
}
}
private void setOperator(String op) {
if (!displayField.getText().isEmpty()) {
firstNumber = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
operator = op;
startNewNumber = true;
}
}
private void calculate() {
if (!operator.isEmpty() && !displayField.getText().isEmpty()) {
double secondNumber = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
double result = 0;
switch (operator) {
case "+": result = firstNumber + secondNumber; break;
case "-": result = firstNumber - secondNumber; break;
case "*": result = firstNumber * secondNumber; break;
case "/":
if (secondNumber != 0) {
result = firstNumber / secondNumber;
} else {
displayField.setText("错误：除数不能为0");
startNewNumber = true;
operator = "";
return;
}
break;
}
displayField.setText(String.valueOf(result));
operator = "";
startNewNumber = true;
}
}
private void clearAll() {
displayField.clear();
firstNumber = 0;
operator = "";
startNewNumber = true;
}
private void clearEntry() {
displayField.clear();
startNewNumber = true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
进阶案例：待办事项管理器
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
public class TodoListDemo extends Application {
private ListView<TodoItem> listView;
private TextField taskField;
private DatePicker datePicker;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// 创建标题
Label title = new Label("待办事项管理器");
title.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 24px; -fx-font-weight: bold;");
// 创建输入区域
taskField = new TextField();
taskField.setPromptText("输入待办事项...");
taskField.setPrefWidth(250);
datePicker = new DatePicker();
datePicker.setValue(LocalDate.now());
Button addButton = new Button("添加");
addButton.setStyle("-fx-background-color: #2196F3; -fx-text-fill: white;");
Button deleteButton = new Button("删除");
deleteButton.setStyle("-fx-background-color: #f44336; -fx-text-fill: white;");
HBox inputBox = new HBox(10);
inputBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
inputBox.getChildren().addAll(taskField, datePicker, addButton, deleteButton);
// 创建列表
listView = new ListView<>();
listView.setPrefSize(500, 300);
listView.setPlaceholder(new Label("暂无待办事项"));
// 事件处理
addButton.setOnAction(e -> addTodoItem());
deleteButton.setOnAction(e -> deleteTodoItem());
taskField.setOnAction(e -> addTodoItem());
// 布局
VBox topBox = new VBox(10);
topBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
topBox.getChildren().addAll(title, inputBox);
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
root.setTop(topBox);
root.setCenter(listView);
root.setPadding(new Insets(20));
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 550, 400);
primaryStage.setTitle("待办事项管理器");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private void addTodoItem() {
String task = taskField.getText().trim();
if (!task.isEmpty()) {
TodoItem item = new TodoItem(task, datePicker.getValue());
listView.getItems().add(item);
taskField.clear();
}
}
private void deleteTodoItem() {
TodoItem selected = listView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItem();
if (selected != null) {
listView.getItems().remove(selected);
}
}
// 内部类：待办事项
private class TodoItem {
private String task;
private LocalDate date;
private boolean completed;
public TodoItem(String task, LocalDate date) {
this.task = task;
this.date = date;
this.completed = false;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String status = completed ? "✓" : "○";
String dateStr = date.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));
return String.format("%s %s (截止: %s)", status, task, dateStr);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
综合案例：学生成绩管理系统
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class StudentGradeDemo extends Application {
private TableView<Student> tableView;
private TextField nameField, idField, scoreField;
private ComboBox<String> gradeComboBox;
private ObservableList<Student> studentList;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// 创建示例数据
studentList = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
studentList.addAll(
new Student("张一", "2024001", 85.5, "优秀"),
new Student("李二", "2024002", 72.0, "良好"),
new Student("王三", "2024003", 58.5, "及格"),
new Student("赵四", "2024004", 45.0, "不及格")
);
// 创建表格
tableView = new TableView<>();
tableView.setItems(studentList);
// 创建列
TableColumn<Student, String> nameCol = new TableColumn<>("姓名");
nameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("name"));
nameCol.setPrefWidth(100);
TableColumn<Student, String> idCol = new TableColumn<>("学号");
idCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("studentId"));
idCol.setPrefWidth(100);
TableColumn<Student, Double> scoreCol = new TableColumn<>("成绩");
scoreCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("score"));
scoreCol.setPrefWidth(100);
TableColumn<Student, String> gradeCol = new TableColumn<>("等级");
gradeCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("grade"));
gradeCol.setPrefWidth(100);
tableView.getColumns().addAll(nameCol, idCol, scoreCol, gradeCol);
// 创建输入表单
GridPane formGrid = new GridPane();
formGrid.setHgap(10);
formGrid.setVgap(10);
formGrid.setPadding(new Insets(10));
nameField = new TextField();
nameField.setPromptText("姓名");
idField = new TextField();
idField.setPromptText("学号");
scoreField = new TextField();
scoreField.setPromptText("成绩");
gradeComboBox = new ComboBox<>();
gradeComboBox.getItems().addAll("优秀", "良好", "中等", "及格", "不及格");
gradeComboBox.setPromptText("选择等级");
formGrid.add(new Label("姓名:"), 0, 0);
formGrid.add(nameField, 1, 0);
formGrid.add(new Label("学号:"), 0, 1);
formGrid.add(idField, 1, 1);
formGrid.add(new Label("成绩:"), 0, 2);
formGrid.add(scoreField, 1, 2);
formGrid.add(new Label("等级:"), 0, 3);
formGrid.add(gradeComboBox, 1, 3);
// 按钮
Button addBtn = new Button("添加学生");
addBtn.setStyle("-fx-background-color: #4CAF50; -fx-text-fill: white;");
Button updateBtn = new Button("更新学生");
updateBtn.setStyle("-fx-background-color: #2196F3; -fx-text-fill: white;");
Button deleteBtn = new Button("删除学生");
deleteBtn.setStyle("-fx-background-color: #f44336; -fx-text-fill: white;");
Button clearBtn = new Button("清空表单");
HBox buttonBox = new HBox(10);
buttonBox.getChildren().addAll(addBtn, updateBtn, deleteBtn, clearBtn);
// 统计信息
Label statsLabel = new Label();
statsLabel.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 14px;");
Button statsBtn = new Button("计算统计");
statsBtn.setOnAction(e -> {
double avg = studentList.stream()
.mapToDouble(Student::getScore)
.average()
.orElse(0);
double max = studentList.stream()
.mapToDouble(Student::getScore)
.max()
.orElse(0);
double min = studentList.stream()
.mapToDouble(Student::getScore)
.min()
.orElse(0);
statsLabel.setText(String.format("平均分: %.2f, 最高分: %.2f, 最低分: %.2f", avg, max, min));
});
// 事件处理
addBtn.setOnAction(e -> addStudent());
updateBtn.setOnAction(e -> updateStudent());
deleteBtn.setOnAction(e -> deleteStudent());
clearBtn.setOnAction(e -> clearForm());
// 选中表格行时填充表单
tableView.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty().addListener((obs, oldSelection, newSelection) -> {
if (newSelection != null) {
fillForm(newSelection);
}
});
// 布局
VBox leftBox = new VBox(10);
leftBox.setPadding(new Insets(10));
leftBox.getChildren().addAll(
new Label("学生信息管理"),
tableView,
statsBtn,
statsLabel
);
VBox rightBox = new VBox(10);
rightBox.setPadding(new Insets(10));
rightBox.setPrefWidth(300);
rightBox.getChildren().addAll(
new Label("学生信息录入"),
formGrid,
buttonBox
);
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
root.setCenter(leftBox);
root.setRight(rightBox);
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 500);
primaryStage.setTitle("学生成绩管理系统");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private void addStudent() {
if (validateForm()) {
Student student = new Student(
nameField.getText(),
idField.getText(),
Double.parseDouble(scoreField.getText()),
gradeComboBox.getValue()
);
studentList.add(student);
clearForm();
showAlert("添加成功", "学生信息已添加");
}
}
private void updateStudent() {
Student selected = tableView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItem();
if (selected != null && validateForm()) {
selected.setName(nameField.getText());
selected.setStudentId(idField.getText());
selected.setScore(Double.parseDouble(scoreField.getText()));
selected.setGrade(gradeComboBox.getValue());
tableView.refresh();
clearForm();
showAlert("更新成功", "学生信息已更新");
} else {
showAlert("错误", "请先选择要更新的学生");
}
}
private void deleteStudent() {
Student selected = tableView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItem();
if (selected != null) {
studentList.remove(selected);
clearForm();
showAlert("删除成功", "学生信息已删除");
} else {
showAlert("错误", "请先选择要删除的学生");
}
}
private void fillForm(Student student) {
nameField.setText(student.getName());
idField.setText(student.getStudentId());
scoreField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getScore()));
gradeComboBox.setValue(student.getGrade());
}
private void clearForm() {
nameField.clear();
idField.clear();
scoreField.clear();
gradeComboBox.setValue(null);
}
private boolean validateForm() {
if (nameField.getText().isEmpty() ||
idField.getText().isEmpty() ||
scoreField.getText().isEmpty() ||
gradeComboBox.getValue() == null) {
showAlert("错误", "请填写所有必填字段");
return false;
}
try {
double score = Double.parseDouble(scoreField.getText());
if (score < 0 || score > 100) {
showAlert("错误", "成绩必须在0-100之间");
return false;
}
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
showAlert("错误", "成绩必须是数字");
return false;
}
return true;
}
private void showAlert(String title, String message) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.INFORMATION);
alert.setTitle(title);
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setContentText(message);
alert.showAndWait();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
// 学生类
public static class Student {
private String name;
private String studentId;
private double score;
private String grade;
public Student(String name, String studentId, double score, String grade) {
this.name = name;
this.studentId = studentId;
this.score = score;
this.grade = grade;
}
// Getter和Setter
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
public String getStudentId() { return studentId; }
public void setStudentId(String studentId) { this.studentId = studentId; }
public double getScore() { return score; }
public void setScore(double score) { this.score = score; }
public String getGrade() { return grade; }
public void setGrade(String grade) { this.grade = grade; }
}
}
图表案例：数据可视化
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.chart.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class ChartDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
VBox root = new VBox(20);
root.setPadding(new javafx.geometry.Insets(20));
// 1. 柱状图
CategoryAxis xAxis = new CategoryAxis();
NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis(0, 100, 10);
BarChart<String, Number> barChart = new BarChart<>(xAxis, yAxis);
barChart.setTitle("各科成绩");
XYChart.Series<String, Number> series = new XYChart.Series<>();
series.setName("成绩");
series.getData().addAll(
new XYChart.Data<>("语文", 85),
new XYChart.Data<>("数学", 92),
new XYChart.Data<>("英语", 78),
new XYChart.Data<>("物理", 88),
new XYChart.Data<>("化学", 95)
);
barChart.getData().add(series);
// 2. 饼图
ObservableList<PieChart.Data> pieData = FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new PieChart.Data("学习", 30),
new PieChart.Data("工作", 40),
new PieChart.Data("休闲", 20),
new PieChart.Data("其他", 10)
);
PieChart pieChart = new PieChart(pieData);
pieChart.setTitle("时间分配");
// 3. 折线图
NumberAxis xAxis2 = new NumberAxis(1, 12, 1);
NumberAxis yAxis2 = new NumberAxis(0, 100, 10);
LineChart<Number, Number> lineChart = new LineChart<>(xAxis2, yAxis2);
lineChart.setTitle("全年销量");
XYChart.Series<Number, Number> lineSeries = new XYChart.Series<>();
lineSeries.setName("月度销量");
lineSeries.getData().addAll(
new XYChart.Data<>(1, 45),
new XYChart.Data<>(2, 60),
new XYChart.Data<>(3, 55),
new XYChart.Data<>(4, 75),
new XYChart.Data<>(5, 82),
new XYChart.Data<>(6, 70),
new XYChart.Data<>(7, 90),
new XYChart.Data<>(8, 85),
new XYChart.Data<>(9, 76),
new XYChart.Data<>(10, 88),
new XYChart.Data<>(11, 92),
new XYChart.Data<>(12, 95)
);
lineChart.getData().add(lineSeries);
root.getChildren().addAll(barChart, pieChart, lineChart);
ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane(root);
scrollPane.setFitToWidth(true);
Scene scene = new Scene(scrollPane, 800, 1200);
primaryStage.setTitle("数据可视化");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
使用建议
-
运行时需要添加JavaFX依赖，如果使用Maven,添加：
<dependency> <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId> <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId> <version>17.0.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId> <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId> <version>17.0.6</version> </dependency>
-
运行前配置VM参数（IDEA）：
--module-path /path/to/javafx-sdk/lib --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.fxml -
学习建议：
- 从基础控件开始练习
- 理解事件处理机制
- 熟悉FXML布局文件
- 多实践实际项目案例
这些案例涵盖了JavaFX的核心功能，您可以根据需求修改和扩展,希望这些示例对您有帮助！
