Apache POI操作Word案例

wen java案例 2026-08-05 171

本文目录导读：

Apache POI操作Word案例

Maven依赖配置
创建Word文档
读取Word文档
修改Word文档
高级功能示例
完整示例：生成报告
主程序测试
注意事项

我来为您提供Apache POI操作Word文档的完整案例，涵盖创建、读取和修改Word文档。

Maven依赖配置

<dependencies>
    <!-- Apache POI 核心 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Apache POI OOXML (处理.docx格式) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 日志依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.20.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

创建Word文档

1 创建简单文档

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.model.XWPFHyperlinkRun;
import org.apache.poi.wp.usermodel.HyperlinkType;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.IBodyElement;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.List;
public class CreateWordDocument {
    public static void createSimpleDocument(String filePath) throws IOException {
        try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            // 创建标题段落
            XWPFParagraph title = document.createParagraph();
            title.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER);
            XWPFRun titleRun = title.createRun();
            titleRun.setText("这是一个简单的Word文档");
            titleRun.setBold(true);
            titleRun.setFontSize(20);
            titleRun.setColor("2E74B5");
            // 创建正文段落
            XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
            run.setText("这是正文内容，演示如何使用Apache POI创建Word文档。");
            run.setFontSize(12);
            // 添加第二段
            XWPFParagraph paragraph2 = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run2 = paragraph2.createRun();
            run2.setText("Apache POI 是一个开源的Java库，用于读写Microsoft Office格式的文件。");
            run2.setItalic(true);
            // 设置页面边距
            document.getDocument().setBody();
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
}

2 创建带样式的文档

public class CreateFormattedDocument {
    public static void createFormattedDoc(String filePath) throws IOException {
        try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            // 1. 创建带样式的段落
            XWPFParagraph styledParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            styledParagraph.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.LEFT);
            styledParagraph.setIndentationLeft(300);
            styledParagraph.setSpacingAfter(200);
            styledParagraph.setSpacingBefore(200);
            XWPFRun run1 = styledParagraph.createRun();
            run1.setText("这是一个带样式的段落");
            run1.setBold(true);
            run1.setFontSize(14);
            run1.setColor("FF0000");
            run1.setFontFamily("Arial");
            // 2. 创建项目符号列表
            XWPFParagraph bulletParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            bulletParagraph.setIndentationLeft(400);
            XWPFRun bulletRun = bulletParagraph.createRun();
            bulletRun.setText("• 这是项目符号1");
            XWPFParagraph bulletParagraph2 = document.createParagraph();
            bulletParagraph2.setIndentationLeft(400);
            XWPFRun bulletRun2 = bulletParagraph2.createRun();
            bulletRun2.setText("• 这是项目符号2");
            // 3. 创建编号列表
            XWPFNumbering numbering = document.createNumbering();
            // 4. 创建表格
            XWPFTable table = document.createTable(3, 3);
            table.setWidth("100%");
            // 设置表格内容
            String[][] data = {
                {"姓名", "年龄", "城市"},
                {"张三", "25", "北京"},
                {"李四", "30", "上海"}
            };
            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < data[i].length; j++) {
                    XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(i).getCell(j);
                    cell.setText(data[i][j]);
                }
            }
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
}

读取Word文档

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
public class ReadWordDocument {
    public static void readDocument(String filePath) throws IOException {
        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
             XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis)) {
            // 读取段落内容
            System.out.println("=== 文档段落内容 ===");
            List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
            for (int i = 0; i < paragraphs.size(); i++) {
                XWPFParagraph paragraph = paragraphs.get(i);
                System.out.println("段落 " + (i + 1) + ": " + paragraph.getText());
                // 获取段落样式
                System.out.println("  样式: " + paragraph.getStyle());
                System.out.println("  对齐方式: " + paragraph.getAlignment());
                // 读取段落中的run
                for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) {
                    System.out.println("  Run内容: " + run.text());
                    System.out.println("  是否加粗: " + run.isBold());
                    System.out.println("  字体大小: " + run.getFontSize());
                    System.out.println("  字体: " + run.getFontFamily());
                }
            }
            // 读取表格内容
            System.out.println("\n=== 文档表格内容 ===");
            List<XWPFTable> tables = document.getTables();
            for (int i = 0; i < tables.size(); i++) {
                System.out.println("表格 " + (i + 1) + ":");
                XWPFTable table = tables.get(i);
                for (int j = 0; j < table.getNumberOfRows(); j++) {
                    XWPFTableRow row = table.getRow(j);
                    String rowContent = "";
                    for (int k = 0; k < row.getTableCells().size(); k++) {
                        rowContent += row.getCell(k).getText() + " | ";
                    }
                    System.out.println("  行 " + (j + 1) + ": " + rowContent);
                }
            }
            // 读取文档属性
            System.out.println("\n=== 文档属性 ===");
            System.out.println("作者: " + document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().getCreator());
            System.out.println("标题: " + document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().getTitle());
            System.out.println("修改时间: " + document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().getModified());
        }
    }
}

修改Word文档

public class ModifyWordDocument {
    public static void modifyDocument(String filePath) throws IOException {
        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
             XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            // 1. 修改段落内容
            List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
            for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
                String text = paragraph.getText();
                // 查找特定内容并替换
                if (text.contains("旧文本")) {
                    replaceTextInParagraph(paragraph, "旧文本", "新文本");
                }
            }
            // 2. 添加新段落
            XWPFParagraph newParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun newRun = newParagraph.createRun();
            newRun.setText("这是添加的新段落");
            newRun.setBold(true);
            // 3. 删除指定段落
            // 找到要删除的段落索引
            XWPFParagraph deleteParagraph = null;
            for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
                if (paragraph.getText().contains("要删除的内容")) {
                    deleteParagraph = paragraph;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (deleteParagraph != null) {
                document.removeBodyElement(document.getPosOfParagraph(deleteParagraph));
            }
            // 4. 修改表格内容
            List<XWPFTable> tables = document.getTables();
            if (!tables.isEmpty()) {
                XWPFTable table = tables.get(0);
                if (table.getNumberOfRows() > 0) {
                    XWPFTableRow row = table.getRow(0);
                    XWPFTableCell cell = row.getCell(0);
                    cell.setText("修改后的内容");
                }
            }
            // 5. 设置单元格背景色
            if (!tables.isEmpty()) {
                XWPFTable table = tables.get(0);
                if (table.getNumberOfRows() > 1) {
                    XWPFTableRow row = table.getRow(1);
                    XWPFTableCell cell = row.getCell(0);
                    cell.setColor("FFEB3B"); // 黄色背景
                }
            }
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
    private static void replaceTextInParagraph(XWPFParagraph paragraph, String searchText, String replaceText) {
        List<XWPFRun> runs = paragraph.getRuns();
        if (runs.isEmpty()) return;
        String paragraphText = paragraph.getText();
        if (paragraphText.contains(searchText)) {
            // 简化处理：清除所有runs，然后重新创建
            for (XWPFRun run : runs) {
                run.setText("", 0);
            }
            runs.get(0).setText(paragraphText.replace(searchText, replaceText));
        }
    }
}

高级功能示例

1 插入图片

public class InsertImageToWord {
    public static void insertImage(String filePath, String imagePath) throws IOException {
        try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
            // 插入图片
            try (FileInputStream imageStream = new FileInputStream(imagePath)) {
                int imageType = Document.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG; // 根据图片类型调整
                run.addPicture(imageStream, imageType, "image.jpg", 
                              Units.toEMU(200), // 宽度200px
                              Units.toEMU(200)); // 高度200px
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
}

2 创建带有超链接的文档

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFHyperlink;
import org.apache.poi.common.usermodel.HyperlinkType;
public class CreateHyperlinkDocument {
    public static void createDocWithLink(String filePath) throws IOException {
        try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
            // 创建超链接
            XWPFParagraph linkParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run = linkParagraph.createRun();
            run.setText("访问OpenAI网站: ");
            XWPFHyperlink hyperlink = createHyperlink(linkParagraph, "https://www.openai.com", "OpenAI");
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
    private static XWPFHyperlink createHyperlink(XWPFParagraph paragraph, String url, String text) {
        XWPFHyperlinkRun linkRun = new XWPFHyperlinkRun(null, null, null, null);
        linkRun.setText(text);
        // 设置超链接地址
        XWPFHyperlink hyperlink = new XWPFHyperlink(url);
        paragraph.addRun(linkRun);
        return hyperlink;
    }
}

3 文档加密

import org.apache.poi.poifs.crypt.EncryptionInfo;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.crypt.EncryptionMode;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.crypt.standard.StandardEncryptionInfo;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
public class EncryptWordDocument {
    public static void encryptDocument(String filePath, String password) throws IOException {
        try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            // 添加一些内容
            XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
            run.setText("这是一个加密的文档");
            // 加密文档
            EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(EncryptionMode.agile);
            StandardEncryptionInfo encInfo = (StandardEncryptionInfo) info;
            encInfo.setPassword(password);
            // 写入加密后的文件
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
}

完整示例：生成报告

public class GenerateReport {
    public static void generateReport(String filePath) throws IOException {
        try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
            // 创建报告标题
            XWPFParagraph title = document.createParagraph();
            title.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER);
            XWPFRun titleRun = title.createRun();
            titleRun.setText("月度销售报告");
            titleRun.setBold(true);
            titleRun.setFontSize(24);
            titleRun.setColor("2E74B5");
            // 创建日期信息
            XWPFParagraph datePara = document.createParagraph();
            datePara.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER);
            XWPFRun dateRun = datePara.createRun();
            dateRun.setText("2024年1月");
            dateRun.setFontSize(12);
            // 创建摘要部分
            XWPFParagraph summaryTitle = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun summaryTitleRun = summaryTitle.createRun();
            summaryTitleRun.setText("quot;);
            summaryTitleRun.setBold(true);
            summaryTitleRun.setFontSize(16);
            XWPFParagraph summary = document.createParagraph();
            summary.setSpacingAfter(200);
            XWPFRun summaryRun = summary.createRun();
            summaryRun.setText("本报告总结了2024年1月的销售情况，总销售额为1,000,000元，较上月增长15%。");
            summaryRun.setFontSize(12);
            // 创建销售数据表
            XWPFTable table = document.createTable(4, 4);
            table.setWidth("100%");
            String[][] data = {
                {"产品", "销售额", "增长", "占比"},
                {"产品A", "500,000", "+20%", "50%"},
                {"产品B", "300,000", "+10%", "30%"},
                {"产品C", "200,000", "+15%", "20%"}
            };
            // 填充表格
            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < data[i].length; j++) {
                    XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(i).getCell(j);
                    cell.setText(data[i][j]);
                    // 设置表头样式
                    if (i == 0) {
                        cell.setColor("D9E2F3"); // 浅蓝色背景
                    }
                }
            }
            // 创建结论部分
            XWPFParagraph conclusionTitle = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun conclusionTitleRun = conclusionTitle.createRun();
            conclusionTitleRun.setText("quot;);
            conclusionTitleRun.setBold(true);
            conclusionTitleRun.setFontSize(16);
            XWPFParagraph conclusion = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun conclusionRun = conclusion.createRun();
            conclusionRun.setText("根据本月销售数据，整体表现良好，建议继续关注产品A的增长潜力，并优化产品C的营销策略。");
            conclusionRun.setFontSize(12);
            // 设置文档属性
            document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().setCreator("销售部门");
            document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().setTitle("月度销售报告");
            document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().setSubject("2024年1月销售分析");
            document.write(out);
        }
    }
}

主程序测试

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 1. 创建简单文档
            CreateWordDocument.createSimpleDocument("simple.docx");
            // 2. 创建格式化文档
            CreateFormattedDocument.createFormattedDoc("formatted.docx");
            // 3. 读取文档
            ReadWordDocument.readDocument("simple.docx");
            // 4. 修改文档
            ModifyWordDocument.modifyDocument("simple.docx");
            // 5. 生成报告
            GenerateReport.generateReport("sales_report.docx");
            System.out.println("所有文档操作完成！");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}