本文目录导读：
我来介绍几种常用的自动化发送邮件的方法,从简单到复杂：
Python + SMTP 方式（最常用）
基础示例
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
import os
def send_email(sender_email, sender_password, receiver_email,
subject, body, smtp_server, smtp_port, attachments=None):
"""
发送邮件的通用函数
"""
try:
# 创建邮件对象
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_email
message['To'] = receiver_email
message['Subject'] = subject
# 添加邮件正文
message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain', 'utf-8'))
# 添加附件
if attachments:
for file_path in attachments:
with open(file_path, 'rb') as attachment:
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
part.set_payload(attachment.read())
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header(
'Content-Disposition',
f'attachment; filename={os.path.basename(file_path)}'
)
message.attach(part)
# 连接到SMTP服务器并发送
with smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port) as server:
server.starttls() # 启用TLS加密
server.login(sender_email, sender_password)
server.send_message(message)
print("邮件发送成功!")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"邮件发送失败: {e}")
return False
# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 配置信息（以QQ邮箱为例）
sender = "your_email@qq.com"
password = "your_smtp_authorization_code" # 使用授权码，不是QQ密码
receiver = "receiver@example.com"
send_email(
sender_email=sender,
sender_password=password,
receiver_email=receiver,
subject="自动化邮件测试",
body="这是一封自动发送的测试邮件。",
smtp_server="smtp.qq.com",
smtp_port=587,
attachments=["report.pdf", "data.csv"] # 可选附件
)
常用邮箱SMTP配置
EMAIL_CONFIGS = {
"qq": {
"smtp_server": "smtp.qq.com",
"smtp_port": 587,
"need_ssl": True
},
"163": {
"smtp_server": "smtp.163.com",
"smtp_port": 25,
"need_ssl": False
},
"gmail": {
"smtp_server": "smtp.gmail.com",
"smtp_port": 587,
"need_ssl": True
},
"outlook": {
"smtp_server": "smtp-mail.outlook.com",
"smtp_port": 587,
"need_ssl": True
}
}
使用 yagmail 简化版
import yagmail
# 更简洁的方式
yag = yagmail.SMTP(
user='your_email@qq.com',
password='your_authorization_code',
host='smtp.qq.com'
)
# 发送邮件
yag.send(
to=['receiver1@example.com', 'receiver2@example.com'],
subject='自动化邮件',
contents=['邮件正文', 'html内容', '附件文件.txt'],
attachments=['image.jpg', 'document.pdf']
)
批量发送带模板的邮件
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import csv
from string import Template
class EmailAutomation:
def __init__(self, smtp_config):
self.smtp_config = smtp_config
self.server = None
def connect(self):
"""连接到SMTP服务器"""
self.server = smtplib.SMTP(
self.smtp_config['host'],
self.smtp_config['port']
)
self.server.starttls()
self.server.login(
self.smtp_config['user'],
self.smtp_config['password']
)
def load_template(self, template_file):
"""加载邮件模板"""
with open(template_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
return Template(f.read())
def load_recipients(self, csv_file):
"""从CSV加载收件人列表"""
recipients = []
with open(csv_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for row in reader:
recipients.append(row)
return recipients
def send_bulk_emails(self, template_file, csv_file):
"""批量发送邮件"""
template = self.load_template(template_file)
recipients = self.load_recipients(csv_file)
self.connect()
for recipient in recipients:
# 个性化邮件内容
email_body = template.substitute(recipient)
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = self.smtp_config['user']
msg['To'] = recipient['email']
msg['Subject'] = f"尊敬的{recipient['name']}，您的个性化邮件"
msg.attach(MIMEText(email_body, 'html', 'utf-8'))
self.server.send_message(msg)
print(f"已发送: {recipient['email']}")
self.server.quit()
print("全部邮件发送完成!")
# 使用示例
config = {
'host': 'smtp.qq.com',
'port': 587,
'user': 'your_email@qq.com',
'password': 'your_authorization_code'
}
emailer = EmailAutomation(config)
emailer.send_bulk_emails('template.html', 'recipients.csv')
定时发送邮件（使用 schedule 库）
import schedule
import time
from datetime import datetime
def scheduled_email_job():
"""定时执行的邮件任务"""
print(f"{datetime.now()}: 开始发送定时邮件...")
# 这里调用上面的发送函数
# send_email(...)
print("定时邮件发送完成")
# 设置定时任务
schedule.every().day.at("09:00").do(scheduled_email_job) # 每天早上9点
schedule.every().monday.at("10:00").do(scheduled_email_job) # 每周一10点
schedule.every(30).minutes.do(scheduled_email_job) # 每30分钟
# 运行定时任务
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)
发送HTML格式化邮件
def send_html_email(sender, password, receiver, subject, html_content):
"""发送HTML格式邮件"""
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = receiver
msg['Subject'] = subject
# 纯文本版本（备用）
text_part = MIMEText("请使用支持HTML的邮件客户端查看", 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg.attach(text_part)
# HTML版本
html_part = MIMEText(html_content, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg.attach(html_part)
# 发送...
使用第三方服务（如SendGrid）
from sendgrid import SendGridAPIClient
from sendgrid.helpers.mail import Mail
def send_via_sendgrid():
"""使用SendGrid发送邮件"""
message = Mail(
from_email='sender@example.com',
to_emails='receiver@example.com',
subject='SendGrid Test',
html_content='<strong>测试邮件</strong>'
)
sg = SendGridAPIClient('YOUR_SENDGRID_API_KEY')
response = sg.send(message)
print(f"发送状态: {response.status_code}")
注意事项
-
邮箱授权码：大部分邮箱需要开启SMTP服务并获取授权码，不是直接使用登录密码
-
发送限制：免费邮箱通常有每日发送限制（如Gmail每日500封）
-
垃圾邮件处理：避免发送大量相同内容，否则可能被标记为垃圾邮件
-
安全考虑：
# 不要硬编码密码，使用环境变量 import os password = os.getenv('EMAIL_PASSWORD') # 或使用配置文件 import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('config.ini') password = config['email']['password']
根据需要选择合适的方案，对于简单任务使用基本的SMTP即可,批量任务建议使用封装好的库。
